【克羅埃西亞。城鎮歷史】冬日的西本尼克(Sibenik)好寂靜

歐洲Europe 克羅埃西亞Croatia 國外旅遊自助旅行 2015 年 6 月 2 日

小米麻糬從札達爾(Zadar)來到西本尼克(Sibenik)已晚，西本尼克(Sibenik)本身是個海港城市，傍晚的西本尼克(Sibenik)港灣有股迷人的風采…..

小米麻糬從札達爾(Zadar)搭乘巴士來到西本尼克(Sibenik)……

克羅埃西亞車資是這樣計算的:
搭乘費用+行理費用=巴士所需付的費用
所以這次小米麻糬的巴士費用為55kn+11kn=66kn，相當300元台幣。

巴士來到西本尼克(Sibenik)公車處，這是搭乘郊外的巴士乘車處，如果是市區的巴士，就不是在這裡發車了。

自助旅行不能像跟團一樣，你想說航空公司給你30公斤，你就裝個可容納30公斤的行李，如果你真的那樣做，你會累死自己，可能半路就很想將那20~30公斤的行李給拋棄了。

只要是自助旅行，小米麻糬的行李盡量精簡，一個20公升或是頂多21、22公升的托運行李+一個背包就成了。歐洲很多城鎮都是石板路呢，越笨重的行李可是越難拖著走啊!

西本尼克(Sibenik)景區的老城範圍並不大，另有新城區有市區巴士再行駛。

往老城聖雅各大教堂的方向之前，先來到港灣的主幹道(Obala Franle Tudmana)，這一條道路餐廳林立。

說到西本尼克(Sibenik)，如果不是因為有個被列入世界遺產的聖雅各大教堂(Kaledrala Sv. Jakava)，小小的城鎮可能不太被注意吧?

小米麻糬千里迢迢並落腳西本尼克(Sibenik)，一來為了明天的科卡國家公園(Krka National Park)，二來也為了被列入世界遺產的聖雅各大教堂(Kaledrala Sv. Jakava)。

西本尼克(Sibenik)的歷史(原文參考來源:

( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0ibenik )

小米麻糬大致翻譯如後:

Unlike other cities along the Adriatic coast, which were established by Greeks, Illyrians and Romans, Šibenik was founded by Croats.^[2] Excavations of the castle of Saint Michael, have since proven that the place was inhabited long before the actual arrival of the Croats. It was mentioned for the first time under its present name in 1066 in a Charter of the Croatian King Petar Krešimir IV^[2] and, for a period of time, it was a seat of this Croatian King. For that reason, Šibenik is also called “Krešimirov grad” (Krešimir’s city). It is the oldest native Croatian town on the eastern shores of the Adriatic.

克羅埃西亞大多數亞德里亞海沿岸城市，在古代一開始是由希臘人、伊利里亞人及羅馬人所建城的，但是唯獨這座西本尼克(Sibenik)一開始就是由克羅埃西亞人所建立，第一次提到“Sibenik”這個城市的名稱是在1066年出現在當時由克羅埃西亞的國王彼得·克雷西米爾四世(Petar Kresimir IV)所擬的憲章，也因為如此，西本尼克( Šibenik)又叫做“Krešimirov grad”─ 克雷西米爾的城市(Krešimir’s city)，它是亞得里亞海東岸最古老的本土城市。

Between the 11th and 12th centuries, Šibenik was tossed back and forth among Venice, Byzantium, Hungary and the Kingdom of Bosnia. It was conquered by the Republic of Venice in 1116,^[3] who held it until 1124, when they briefly lost it to the Byzantine Empire,^[4] and then held it again until 1133 when it was retaken by the Kingdom of Hungary.^[5] It would change hands among the aforementioned states several more times until 1180.

The city was given the status of a town in 1167 from Stephen III of Hungary.^[6] It received its own diocese(教區) in 1298.^[2]

In the 14th century, “Vlachs” were present in the hinterland of Šibenik.

在11~12世紀之間，這段期間受威尼斯、拜占庭、匈牙利及波西尼亞的威脅。
*在1116~1124年間，被威尼斯共和國所征服。
*然後又淪為拜占庭之手。
*直到1133年又淪落到匈牙利帝國之手。
*1167年年由匈牙利國王史蒂芬三世賦予城鎮的地位，
*在1298年成立了自己的教區，這一年也是現在被列入世界遺產的聖雅各大教堂，當初被列入建教堂計畫的一年。

The city, like the rest of Dalmatia, initially resisted the Republic of Venice, but it was taken over after a three-year war in 1412.[2] In August 1417, Venetian authorities were concerned with the “Morlachs and other Slavs” from the hinterland, that were a threat to security in Šibenik.[7] The Ottoman Empire started to threaten Šibenik (known as Sebenico), as part of their struggle against Venice, at the end of the 15th century,[3] but they never succeeded in conquering it.

在15世紀時，和多數在亞得里亞海Dalmatia的城鎮，西本尼克( Šibenik)始終受威尼斯共和國和鄂圖曼帝國的威脅，但是最後這兩國始終是沒有成功征服這座城鎮。

In the 16th century, St. Nicholas Fortress(堡壘要塞) was built and, by the 17th century, its fortifications were improved again by the fortresses of St. John (Tanaja) and Šubićevac (Barone).

到了十六世紀，聖尼可拉斯堡壘要塞 (St. Nicholas Fortress)建立。17世紀建立了St. John (Tanaja) 和 Šubićevac (Barone)兩座堡壘.

冬天太陽下山得早，傍晚來到聖雅各大教堂(Kaledrala Sv. Jakava)(這個另一篇再介紹 https://showmego.tw/2015/06/sibenikkatedrala-sv-jakova-cathedral-of.html#more )